<p>One of the central dilemmas of development is how to ensure that growth is both rapid and equitable. Employment is the key, but the employment performance of most economies leaves a great deal to be desired. The bulk of the population in low- and medium-income countries continues to scrabble for casual work, in informal labour markets, at poverty-level incomes. Dealing with such vulnerabilities calls for effective systems of social protection. But in the developing world, only a minority, and usually a small minority of the population, is protected by formal social security mechanisms.</p> <p>Good economic performance in the last decade in the large emerging economies of Brazil, India, China and South Africa gives hope that solutions might be found. Each of these countries has tried to tackle these issues, applying different policies and encountering differing degrees of success. This book documents and compares their experiences. In particular, it highlights four challenges faced in all four countries: converting growth into employment; building good labour institutions; finding the right balance between social protection and job creation; and dealing with inequality.</p>

<p><strong>Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa</strong><br /> Professor of Economics and Economic History,<br /> Institute of Brazilian Studies, University of São Paulo (IEB/USP).</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Haroon Bhorat</strong><br /> Director and Professor, Development Policy Research Unit,<br /> School of Economics, University of Cape Town.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>S. Mahendra Dev</strong><br /> Director, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Ajit K. Ghose</strong><br /> Honorary Professor,<br /> Institute for Human Development, New Delhi.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Bhajan S. Grewal</strong><br /> Professorial Fellow, Centre for Strategic Economic Studies,<br /> Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Rizwanul Islam</strong><br /> Former Special Adviser, Employment Sector,<br /> International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Natasha Mayet</strong><br /> Researcher, Development Policy Research Unit,<br /> School of Economics, University of Cape Town.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Dipak Mazumdar</strong><br /> Senior Research Associate, Munk Centre for International Studies,<br /> University of Toronto, Canada.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Amilton Moretto</strong><br /> Professor, Institute of Economics, University of Campinas (IE-UNICAMP),<br /> Brazil and Researcher, Centre for Studies in Unionism and Labour Economics.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Gerry Rodgers</strong><br /> Visiting Professor, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi,<br /> and former Director, International Institute for Labour Studies, Geneva.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Carlene van der Westhuizen</strong><br /> Senior Researcher, Development Policy Research Unit,<br /> School of Economics, University of Cape Town.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Barbara Harriss-White</strong><br /> Professor of Development Studies,<br /> University of Oxford, Oxford.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Du Yang</strong><br /> Chief, Division of Labour and Human Capital,<br /> Institute of Population and Labour Economics,<br /> Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing.</p>