List of Figures, Tables and Annexures

 

Foreword

 

Acknowledgements

 

About the Authors

 

 

 

1. Introduction

    Externality

 

    Regulatory Approach

 

    Economic Approaches

 

    International and Domestic Support
    for Economic Instruments

 

 

 

 

2. Design and Implementation of Ecotaxes

    Why Ecotaxes?

    Coverage and Design Issues

    International Experience

    Scope of the Study

 

 

 

 

 

3. Coal

    Introduction

 

    Production

 

    Coal Demand Forecast

 

    Imports and Exports

 

    Pricing

 

    Royalty on Coal

 

    Environmental Problems

 

    Inferior Coal and Beneficiated Coal

 

    Coal Cess Based on Cost of Beneficiation

 

    Proposed Rates of Ecocess on Coal

 

    Estimate of Revenue from Ecocess

 

    Clean Coal Fund

 

    Conclusion

 

 

 

 

 

4. Automobiles

    Introduction

 

    Vehicular Pollution in India

 

    Ecotax Proposals in the Interim Report

 

    Comments on the Interim Report
    by SIAM and 

 

    Modifications in the Proposals

 

    In-use Vehicles

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

5. Chlorine Use in Pulp and Paper and
    Viscose Rayon Industries

    Introduction

 

    Industry Structure

 

    Cost Aspects

 

    Central Excise Duty on Paper

 

    Chlorine Production and Use

 

    Environmental Impact of Chlorine

 

    Comments by Industry

 

    Viscose Rayon

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Phosphate Based Detergents

    Introduction

 

    Detergent Industry

 

    Use of Phosphates

 

    Sodium Tri-Poly Phosphate (STPP)

 

    Detergent Use in India

 

    Regulatory Approaches

 

    Experiences in Other Countries

 

    Alternatives to Phosphates

 

    Central Excise Duty

 

    Comments by Detergent Manufacturers

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Chemical Pesticides and Biopesticides

    Introduction

 

    Pesticide Production in India

 

    Pesticide Use in India

 

    Pesticide Resistance

 

    Toxic Residues in Food

 

    Occupational Exposure

 

    Registration and Licensing of
    Pesticides

 

    Pricing of Pesticides

 

    The Biopesticide Market

 

    Botanical Pesticides

 

    Acceptance of Biopesticides
    by Farmers

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

8. Fertilisers

    Introduction

 

    Fertiliser Use in India

 

    Fertiliser Consumption Per Hectare

 

    Fertiliser Pricing Policy

 

    Problems to be Considered

 

    Nitrate Pollution

 

    Biofertilisers

 

    Factors Favouring and Limiting
    the Use of Biofertilisers

 

    Fertiliser Taxes in Other Countries

 

    Comments by the Fertiliser
    Association of India

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

9. Lead Acid Batteries

    Indian Battery Industry

 

    Indian Lead Sector

 

    Health Effects of Lead

 

    Why Dealers Sell Battery Scrap to
    Traders and not Battery Manufacturers

 

    Salient Features of Batteries (Management
    and Handling) Rules, 2001

 

    The Main Issues at Hand

 

    Measures to Control Environmental
    Pollution from Batteries: International
    Experience

 

    Recommendations

 

    Revenue Implications

 

 

 

 

 

10. Plastics

     Introduction

     Background

     Recycling

     Plastic Wastes

     Biodegradability

     Bioplastics as an Alternative

     Other Disposal Options

     Government Initiatives

     Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

     Ecotaxes on Plastic Bags

     Discussions with the Plastics Manufacturers Association

     Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

11. Summary

     Coal

 

     Automobiles

 

     Chlorine

 

     Detergents

 

     Pesticides

 

     Fertilisers

 

     Lead Acid Batteries

 

     Plastics

 

 

References

 

Index